Izibonelelo zeSaffron Extract: Isisombululo seNdalo sokuLahla kobunzima kunye neMood engcono

1.malunga Isicatshulwa sesafron

Imveliso ikhutshwe kwindawo ephezulu yesitayile kunye nebala le-Crocus sativus L., isityalo se-iris. Izithako eziphambili ziquka i-picrocrocin, i-carotene compounds, i-safflower aldehyde, i-eucalyptol, i-pinene kunye nezinye izinto, kwaye iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-Isorhamnetin, i- kaempferol, i-vitamin B1 kunye ne-vitamin B2, njl njl. free radicals. Iyakwazi ukuxhathisa ukusabela kwe-oxidation, iphucule umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, inqanda i-optic nerve cell apoptosis, iphucule i-microcirculation, iphucule ukungakhuseleki, ukuxhathisa i-arteriosclerosis, kunye nokuxhathisa i-oxidation. Inemisebenzi yokunciphisa i-lipids yegazi, ukukhuthaza i-choleretics kunye nokukhuselwa kwesibindi, ukukhusela kunye nokunyanga i-osteoporosis, kunye nokukhusela izintso.

Indawo yomthombo

 

2. Imvelaphi yesityalo

Umthombo osisiseko] Yinxalenye ephezulu yesimbo kunye nebala lesityalo se-iris iCrocus sativus L.

【Alias】Crocus, isafron.

[Ukusasazwa] Kukho inani elincinci lokulima okulingwayo eBeijing, eShanghai, eShandong, eZhejiang, eSichuan, eXinjiang, njl.njl. eTshayina, kwaye ilinywa kwamanye amazwe eSpain, eIran, e-Itali, eJamani, eFransi, eGrisi, e-Austria, kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union naseJapan.

【Uhlobo lwesityalo】Izityalo ezihlala ixesha elide. Iibhalbhu ezingaphantsi komhlaba zingqukuva kwaye zigqunywe ngamagqabi amdaka anezikali ezinde. Kukho amagqabi ali-9 ukuya kweli-15, akhule kwibhalbhu, athambileyo, anciphile kwaye aqondile, ubude obuyi-15 ukuya kuma-20 cm kunye nobubanzi obuyi-2 ukuya kwi-3 cm. Imiphetho yamagqabi igobile kwaye inoboya obuncinci, kwaye isiseko sijikelezwe ziikali ezibanzi ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5. . Iintyatyambo ezisekupheleni, ububanzi obuyi-2.5-3 cm; i-perianth eneziqwenga ezi-6, i-obovate, i-lavender, ityhubhu yentyatyambo ende eyi-4-6 cm, ityhubhu ebhityileyo, ii-stamens ezi-3, ii-anther ezinkulu, isiseko esimile okwentolo, ii-pistils ezi-3, ii-connate carpels, i-ovary isezantsi, isitayile sincinci, sityheli, umphezulu uneziqwenga ezintathu ezinzulu, eziphuma kwityhubhu yentyatyambo, zigobile, zibomvu obumnyama, umphezulu we-stigma wande kancinci, unomngxuma ofana ne-funnel. Ikhaphu inde, inemiphetho emithathu ecacileyo, malunga ne-3 cm ubude kunye ne-1.5 cm ububanzi. Ifikelela emhlabeni xa isiqhamo sivuthiwe. Imbewu zininzi, zingqukuva, kwaye uboya bembewu buthambile. Ixesha lokudubula iintyatyambo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya phakathi kuNovemba

3.Ukwakhiwa kweMikhali

1). Ioyile eguquguqukayo Inxalenye yeoyile eguquguqukayo kwi-pistil (stigma) ye-saffron corolla iveliswa kukuwohloka kwee-carotenes ezifana ne-zeaxanthin kwaye inesakhiwo esikhethekileyo. I-safranal ikakhulu kwi-trimethylcycloethylene derivatives, ebanga i-50% yeoyile iyonke eguquguqukayo. I-72%, yimveliso yokuwohloka kwe-crocin, kwaye ikwayenye yeempawu zolawulo lomgangatho weyeza lendabuko laseTshayina iZangsafflower. Ezinye iingcali zichonge iikhompawundi ezingama-46 ezivela kwioyile eguquguqukayo yesaffron, ebanga i-90.99% yeoyile eguquguqukayo iyonke. Phakathi kwazo, iikhompawundi ze-ketone ezi-5 zibalwa kwi-6.16%, iikhompawundi ze-aldehyde ezi-5 zibalwa kwi-2.39%, iikhompawundi zotywala ezi-6 zibalwa kwi-4.98%, iikhompawundi ze-asidi ezi-6 zibalwa kwi-19.77%, iikhompawundi ze-olefin ezi-8 zibalwa kwi-36.42%, kunye neekhompawundi ze-olefin ezi-2 zibalwa kwi-5.74%, iikhompawundi ze-alkane ezi-8 zibalwa kwi-12.5%, iikhompawundi ze-ester ezi-2 zibalwa kwi-0.48%, kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezi-4 zibalwa kwi-2.55%. Phakathi kwezinto ezichongiweyo ze-volatile oil ze-saffron, ezo zinomxholo ophezulu zi-olefins kunye ne-olefin oxides, eziyikhompawundi ze-terpenoid. Ukongeza, ezo zinomxholo ophezulu zikhompawundi ze-asidi.

2). IiFlavonoids IiFlavonoids zisasazwa kakhulu kwi-perianth yesaffron. Eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-vetch glycoside, i-quercetin-3-p-coumaroylglucoside, i-kaempferol-3-glucose-6-acetylglucoside kunye ne-Kaempferol-3-glucose-glucoside, i-delphinidin, i-trimethyldelphinidin, njl.njl.

3). Iiprecursor zeoyile eziguquguqukayo. Inxalenye yeeprecursor zeoyile eziguquguqukayo eziveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubola ngexesha lokomiswa nokugcinwa kweestigmas zesaffron ziicompounds zeglycoside ze-trimethylcyclohexene derivatives, ikakhulu kubandakanya i-crocin njalo njalo. I-Crocein yeyona nto iphambili ekrakra kwisaffron. Ingaguqulwa ibe yi-safranal phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic okanye ze-alkaline okanye phantsi kwesenzo see-enzymes. Le yingakho umxholo wesafranal kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo wahlukile.

4). Iipolyenes ezidityanisiweyo kunye neeglycosides zazo Iipolyenes ezidityanisiweyo kunye neeglycosides zazo zezona zinto ziphambili ezinemibala kwisaffron yesintu yamayeza aseTshayina. Iquka ikakhulu ezi ndidi zimbini zilandelayo: (1) IiCarotenoids kunye neeglycosides zazo ICrocetin yeyona nto iphambili kwiicarotenoids kunye neeglycosides zazo. Kubandakanya i-carotenoid crocetin kunye neeglycosides zayo, ezifana ne-gentiobioside, i-glucoside, i-digentisic acid glycoside, i-gentioglucoside kunye ne-diglucoside; I-B-crocetin, i-C-crocetin, njl. (2) IiCarotenes ziquka ikakhulu i-A kunye ne-B-carotene, ezifana ne-lycopene kunye ne-zeaxanthin.

5). Ezinye ikakhulu ziquka i-phenols, i-chitinase, i-triterpene saponins kunye ne-steroidal saponins.

4isenzo se-harmacological

1). Isiphumo kwisibeleko I-saffron extract inefuthe elinomdla kwisibeleko esizimeleyo nakwi-in vivo yesibeleko seempuku, iihagu ze-guinea, iirabha, izinja kunye neekati. Isibeleko esikhulelweyo sinovakalelo olungakumbi; ulandelelwano lobukhali be-safranin extracts ezahlukeneyo zezi: i-decoction > i-ethanol extract > i-volatile components > i-ether extract. Isiphumo sovuyo lwesibeleko sinokuthintelwa kancinci yi-ergotamine ethanesulfonate, engayivayo i-atropine. Ke ngoko, kukholelwa ukuba inxalenye yesiphumo kwisibeleko yimpembelelo ethe ngqo kwi-myocytes yesibeleko, kwaye inxalenye inxulumene nee-adrenergic receptors.

2). Impembelelo kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi I-saffron extract inganciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwezinja neekati ezithomalaliswe yi-anesthesia ixesha elide kwaye inefuthe elimnandi ekuphefumleni. Xa kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, umthamo wezintso uyancipha, nto leyo ebonisa ukuxinana kwegazi kwizintso, kwaye ikwanegalelo ekuthinteleni imithambo yegazi yeentonga. Inefuthe elibalulekileyo lokuthintela intliziyo yeentonga ezizimeleyo. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lweekhemikhali, izinto ezithintela intliziyo zinxulumene neetyuwa ze-potassium. Ke ngoko, uphando lwezonyango lwexesha elizayo kwi-saffron kufuneka luqale lususe iityuwa ze-potassium.

3). Isiphumo sokulwa nethumba Amalungiselelo eSaffron anamandla okulwa nethumba kunye nomhlaza, ngakumbi i-saffron extract (dimethylcrocetin) kwi-leukemia, umhlaza we-ovarian, umhlaza we-colon, i-rhabdomyosarcoma, umhlaza we-colon, i-papillosarcoma, kunye ne-flat cell tumor kunye ne-soft tissue sarcoma, njl. zonke zineziphumo ezinamandla zokuthintela. Indlela yayo yokulwa nomhlaza isenokuba kukutshabalalisa inkqubo ye-DNA synthase, oko kukuthi, ukutshabalalisa i-DNA-protein contact mediators ezifana ne-topoisomerase II ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-DNA yeselula, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukwenziwa kwe-DNA kunye ne-RNA, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukukhula kweeseli zethumba. Ukongeza, ii-crocins zikwathintela umsebenzi wee-cell protein kinases kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-proto-oncogenes.

4). Impembelelo kwisibindi kunye nenyongo I-saffron extract inefuthe le-choleretic, kwaye izithako zayo ezisebenzayo yi-α-crocetin sodium salt kunye ne-crocetin ester. I-α-Saffron acid inokunciphisa i-cholesterol kwaye yonyuse imetabolism yamafutha. Ingasetyenziswa namayeza emveli aseTshayina afana ne-hawthorn, i-cassia, kunye ne-Alisma ukunyanga isibindi esinamafutha.

5). Isiphumo se-Antioxidant I-Saffron extract, ingakumbi i-crocin, inokuthintela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-oxygen free radicals kunye ne-xanthine oxidase, ibonisa umsebenzi we-antioxidant biological.

6). Khusela izintso. Ngokufunda imodeli ye-C-BSA nephritis yegundane, kwafunyaniswa ukuba umonakalo we-proteinuria kunye nomonakalo we-renal pathological unciphile kwiimpuku ezikwiqela lovavanyo. Phakathi kwazo, i-saffron ithintela kakhulu i-cyclooxygenase kwaye inciphisa ukwenziwa kwe-prostaglandins, ngaloo ndlela ivula i-capillaries yezintso, inyuse ukuhamba kwegazi, kwaye ikhuthaze ukulungiswa komonakalo wokudumba. Kucetyiswa ukuba i-saffron inokuphazamisa ukwenzeka kokudumba kwezintso ngokuphucula ukukhululwa kweeplatelets kunye ne-inflammatory mediators.

7). Ukungenelela kwi-arrhythmia I-Crocemic acid, isithako esisebenzayo kwi-saffron extract, inefuthe elihle kwiimodeli ze-ventricular arrhythmia ezibangelwa yi-aconitine, i-ouabain kunye ne-calcium chloride, inika uvavanyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-saffron kunyango lwe-arrhythmia. Oku kubonelela ngesiseko sokwenzeka kophuhliso olongezelelekileyo kunye nophando kwi-saffron njengelungiselelo lemveli yezonyango zaseTshayina ngokuchasene ne-arrhythmia kunye ne-myocardial ischemia, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-saffron ingabizwa ngokuba luhlobo olutsha lweyeza lemveli laseTshayina lokuthintela impilo yokuthintela izifo zentliziyo kunye ne-cerebrovascular.

8). Ukulawula ukusebenza komzimba. I-saffron extract ineziphumo ezicacileyo zokukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi nokususa i-stasis yegazi, i-antibacterial kunye ne-anti-inflammatory, ize iphucule ukunyamezela komzimba kwaye yonyuse umxholo weeseli zomzimba, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuzikhusela komzimba, ilawula i-qi kunye nokuhamba kwegazi komzimba, kwaye ilinganise umzimba womntu. Indima ye-yin kunye ne-yang.

9). Ukuthintela nokunyanga i-atherosclerosis. I-saffron extract iyasebenza kakuhle ekulawuleni amafutha egazini, yehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngaloo ndlela ithintela kwaye inyange i-atherosclerosis.

10). Ukukhuselwa kwe-retinal: Iimvundla ezimhlophe zaseNew Zealand zasetyenziswa ukwenza imodeli yesilwanyana esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kweliso. Idosi ethile ye-saffron extract yafakwa kwi-vein yendlebe kanye ngemini, kwaye kwasekwa iqela lolawulo oluphezulu. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba inani leeseli ze-retinal ganglion kwiqela lonyango likhulu kakhulu kunelo lakwiqela lolawulo oluphezulu (P<0.05), nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-saffron extract iphucule ukujikeleza kwegazi kwi-retinal kwaye yathintela iziphumo ze-ischemia kunye ne-hypoxia kwiiseli ze-retinal ganglion phantsi komonakalo ongapheliyo weemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kweliso (RGC) kwaye ikhusela i-RGC. Kucetyiswa ukuba i-saffron extract ingakhusela ii-RGC ngokunciphisa ii-free radicals kwi-retina kwaye ithintele umonakalo we-free radical kwisakhiwo se-membrane, ii-organelles ezingaphantsi kweseli kunye neenuclei ze-RGCs. 11. Eminye imiphumo I-Saffron ethanol extract (CSE) inokuthintela ukuthintelwa kwe-ethanol-induced of long-term potentiation (LPT) kwi-hippocampus. Kwi-gyrus erhabaxa yeempuku ezithomalaliswe yi-anesthesia, i-CSE (250 mg·kg-1) inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukuthintelwa kwe-LPT okubangelwa yi-acetaldehyde ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umsebenzi wokufunda weempuku. Isicatshulwa samanzi se-saffron sinokuthintela kakhulu ubuthi bokuzala obuveliswa ngamayeza okulwa nomhlaza afana ne-cisplatin, i-cyclophosphamide, i-mitomycin C kunye ne-urethan, ngelixa ithintela Ubungakanani besiphumo abuzange buhambelane kakhulu nomthamo. Oku kungenxa yokuba isicatshulwa se-saffron sinciphisa kakhulu imiphumo yobuthi bokuzala kwi-glutathione S-transferase yesibindi (GST). Indalo, incasa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle: imnandi, ingathathi cala kwaye ayinatyhefu. Ingena kwi-meridians yentliziyo kunye nesibindi. Ikhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi kwaye isuse i-stasis yegazi, isasaza ukudakumba kunye nokuvula amaqhina. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudakumba, ukuqina kwesifuba kunye ne-diaphragm, ukuhlanza igazi, umkhuhlane we-typhoid, uloyiko kunye ne-trance, i-amenorrhea kubasetyhini, i-stasis yegazi emva kokuzalwa kunye nentlungu yesisu, kunye nokudumba kunye nentlungu yokuwa.

              

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